The Foundations of Faith (Iman). Part 6

Contents

Part 1. Introduction.
Part 2. Belief in Allah. Oneness of Lordship (Tawheed al-Rububiyyah)
Part 3. Belief in Allah. Oneness of the Divine Names and Attributes (Tawheed al-Asma’ wa as-Sifaat)
Part 4. Belief in Allah. Oneness of Divinity (Tawheed al-Uluhiyyah)
Part 5. Belief in Allah. Idolatry, disbelief, hypocrisy
Part 6. Belief in the Angels
Part 7. Belief in the Revealed Books
Part 8. Belief in the Messengers
Part 9. Belief in the Last Day
Part 10. Belief in Divine Decree, Whether Good or Bad

Belief in the Angels

Faith in the angels implies firm belief that Allah has angels, that they are His creations which He made from light to do certain tasks which they execute, that they are subject to His Lordship and subjugated to Him, and that Allah gave them power to execute His commands.

Belief in the angels includes faith in general and belief in certain particularities.
With regard to belief in the particulars, it refers to belief in those angels whose names Allah and His Messenger have made known to us, as well as to belief in the truthfulness of messages about their attributes and actions. As for belief in general, it is related to all other issues.

Muslim in his “Sahih” and Ahmad in his “Musnad” report a hadith, from Aisha, Allah be pleased with her, who narrated that Allah’s Messenger, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him, said: “Angels were created from light, jinn were created from a smokeless flame of fire, and Adam was created from that which you have been told (i.e., sounding clay like the clay of pottery).”

One of the attributes proper of angels are the wings. Almighty Allah said,
“All the praises and thanks be to Allah, the Originator of the heavens and the earth, Who made the angels messengers with wings, two or three or four. He increases in creation what He wills. Verily, Allah is Able to do all things.” Surah “Fātir”, ayah 1.

The Prophet, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him, for his part, narrated that he had seen Angel Jibril (Gabriel) in his original form and he had six hundred wings.

By the command of Allah the Almighty angels can take the form of a man, for which reason Jibril, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him, appeared before Maryam in the form of a man, perfectly formed; and as for Allah’s Messenger, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him, he saw Jibril coming towards him as a man with extremely white clothing and extremely black hair. Angels which were sent by Allah to Ibrahim and Lut, peace and blessings of Allah be upon them, also came to them in human form.

Almighty Allah commented on their worship, complete obedience and submission in this way:

“Surely, those who are with your Lord are never too proud to perform acts of worship to Him, but they glorify His Praise and prostrate themselves before Him.” Surah “Al-A‘rāf”, ayah 206.

Almighty Allah also said, “And those who are near Him are not too proud to worship Him, nor are they weary of His worship. They glorify His Praises night and day, they never slacken.” Surah “Al-Anbiyā”, ayahs 19-20.

Almighty Allah also said, “And they say, ‘The Most Gracious has begotten a son.’ Glory to Him! They are but honoured slaves. They speak not until He has spoken, and they act on His command. He knows what is before them, and what is behind them, and they cannot intercede except for him with whom He is pleased. And they stand in awe for fear of Him.” Surah “Al-Anbiyā”, ayahs 26-28.

Almighty Allah also said, “…who disobey not the commands they receive from Allah, but do that which they are commanded.” Surah “At-Tahrīm”, ayah 6.

Various verses of the Qur’an and hadiths mention some names of angels, their categories and the tasks they were entrusted with.

Thus, for example, Jibril was entrusted with carrying revelations to the

Messengers. Almighty Allah said, “Say, ‘Whoever is an enemy to Jibrîl (Gabriel), for indeed he has brought this Qur’ân down to your heart by Allah’s permission…’ ” Surah “Al-Baqarah”, ayah 97.

Almighty Allah also said, “And truly, this is a revelation from the Lord of the Universe, which the trustworthy Spirit (Jibrîl) has brought down upon your heart that you may be a warner…” Surah “Ash-Shu‘arā’”, ayahs 192-194.

Some of the hadiths mention that Angel Mikhail is assigned with the task of distributing rain and vegetation, while Angel Israfil has been assigned the task of blowing the Trumpet that signals the events of the Day of Resurrection.
Allah’s Messenger, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him, used to mention the names of these three angels in commencement to his voluntary night prayer; he would get up at night and start his prayer with these words: “O Allah, Lord of Jibril, Mikhail, and Israfil, Originator of the heavens and the earth, Knower of the unseen and the seen, You judge between Your slaves concerning that in which they used to differ. Guide me, by Your permission, to the truth about which people differ. Verily, You guide whom You will to the straight path!” This hadith was recorded by Muslim.

The Qur’an also has references to an angel named Malik, the keeper of Hell. Almighty Allah said, “And they will cry, ‘O Malik! Let your Lord make an end of us.’ ” Surah “Az-Zukhruf”, ayah 77.

On the Categories of the Angels

1. Among them are those who bear the Throne of Allah.

Almighty Allah said, “Those who bear the Throne and those around it glorify the praises of their Lord, and believe in Him, and ask forgiveness for those who believe…” Surah “Ghāfir”, ayah 7.

Almighty Allah also said, “…and eight angels will, that Day, bear the Throne of your Lord above them.” Surah “Al-Hāqqah”, ayah 17.

2. Among them are those who have been assigned the task to protect humans.

Almighty Allah said, “For each person there are angels in succession, before and behind him. They guard him by the command of Allah.” Surah “Ar-Ra‘d”, ayah 11.

3. Among them are scribes who are assigned the task to record man’s deeds.

Almighty Allah said, “But verily, over you are appointed angels to watch you, honourable recorders, they know all that you do.” Surah “Al-Infitār”, ayahs 10-12.

Almighty Allah also said, “The two recording angels receive each human being, one sitting on the right and one on the left, to note their actions. Not a word does he utter but there is a watcher by him ready.” Surah “Qāf”, ayahs 17-18.

This refers to the two angels appointed to every human, one sitting on the right, and one on the left. The one on the right records all good deeds, the one on the left — all evil deeds.

4. Angels who are sent to the foetus in the mother’s womb.

The evidence of this is a hadith reported by Ibn Masud, Allah be pleased with him, who narrated: “Allah’s Messenger, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him, whose truthfulness is confirmed, said: ‘The way that each of you is created is that he is gathered in his mother’s womb for forty days as a sperm drop, and then for a similar length of time as a blood-clot, and then for a similar length of time as a lump of flesh. Then an angel is sent and he breathes the spirit into (the foetus), and is charged with four commands: to write down his provision, his life-span, his actions, and whether he will be wretched or happy.’ ” This hadith is recorded by Al-Bukhari.

5. Angels that are responsible for taking people’s souls after their death.

It refers to the Angel of Death and his helpers. Almighty Allah said, “Say, ‘The angel of death, who is set over you, will take your souls. Then you shall be brought to your Lord.’ ” Surah “As-Sajdah”, ayah 11.

Almighty Allah also said, “…until when death approaches to one of you, Our Messengers (angels) take his soul, and they never neglect their duty.” Surah “Al-An‘ām”, ayah 61.

Apart from the above mentioned, there are also other categories of angels.